Singkatan atau bentuk pendek( Contractions or short forms)

Kata kerja to be sering digunakan dalam bentuk pendek, terutamanya dalam bahasa inggeris percakapan

Pengeyaan (Affirmative) Negatif(Negative)

I'm I,m not
You're You're not/You aren't
We're We're not/We aren't
They're They're not/They aren't
He's He's not/He isn't
She's She's not/ She isn't
It's It's not/It isn't

Tiada perbezaan makna antara bentuk-bentuk pendek negatif. Anda akan mendengar kedua-dua bentuk digunakan.

She isn't my friend. = She's not my friend.

Penggunaan Can/ could ( boleh)

Can digunakan bersama-sama kata kerja lain untuk menyatakan kemampuan

Ahmad can speak English ( Ahmad boleh berbahasa Inggeris)

En Ramli can't attend the function on Monday. ( En Ramli tidak boleh menghadiri majis itu pada hari Isnin)

Can you drive a car? ( Bolehkah awak memandu kereta?)

Can juga digunakan untuk membuat permintaan ringkas.

Can I go to the toilet? ( Bolehkah saya pergi ke tandas?)

Could digunakan untuk menjadikan suatu permintaan itu lebih bersopan, biasanya bersama-sama kata please.

Could I switch on the television? ( Bolehkah saya hidupkan television itu?)
Please could you speak more clearly? ( Bolehkah awak cakap dengan lebih jelas?)

Have got/has got

Apabila have got atau has got digunakan untuk membuat pernyataan tentang pemilikan, kita sering menggunakan benduk pendek.

Pengeyaan (affirmative) negatif(negative)
I've got I haven't got
You 've got You haven't got
We've got We haven't got
Thet've got They haven't got
He's got He hasn't got
She 's got She hasn't got
It's got It hasn't got

Bertanya soalan( Asking questions)

Have you got a car?
Has he got a pencil?